一次沙尘暴中尺度低压和沙尘输送的数值模拟

利用ＰＳＵ／ＮＣＡＲ中尺度数值模式（ＭＭ４），以常规观测资料为初始场，成功地模拟了造成“９４．４．５”沙尘暴天气的主要天气系统张掖热低压。并通过给原有的中尺度模式系统加入沙尘输送方程和驱动地面沙尘抬升参数化方案，用改进后的中尺度数值模式系统，成功地模拟了沙尘抬升和输送，与实况比较一致。     

燕辽地区火山热液型铀－金－多金属矿床成矿特征

燕辽地区位于华北地台北缘东段，是我国著名的中生代火山热液型铀、金、多金属矿床成矿区。研究结果表明，其成矿作用受统一的晚中生代大陆裂陷火山岩浆活动控制；成矿时代集中在晚侏罗世及早白垩世；成矿介质为火山岩浆水、变质水和大气水混合的中温、中低温火山热液；成矿物质主要来自富集型的上地幔及下地壳。     

雅砻江畔雅江县城区地质灾害特征及其防治对策

四川省雅江县城座落于雅砻江河畔。在城区０．８４ｋｍ＾２范围内发育有城南滑坡，城区斜 地面变形、城东危岩和城北滑坡四大地质灾害单元，构成了较为罕见的雅江县城独特的地质灾害特征。论述了雅江县城稆种地质这为害的特征及危害性，并对各咱地质灾害单元按其轻重缓解提出相的防治措施和对策。     

准噶尔盆地表层结构基本类型及特征

地震勘探区内表层及近地表结构的地球物理特征，往往取决于相应的地质体结构的变化．研究不同表层及近地表地质体的地质特征和地球物理特征，对地震勘探中静校正方法的确定以及静校正量的求取至关重要．准噶尔盆地就其表层地质结构可分为山前冲积扇、戈壁、农田、沙漠等类型，不同类型的地质结构体具有各自独特的地球物理特征。     

Integrating ASTER and GLASS broadband emissivity products using a multi-resolution Kalman filter

In this study, the multi-resolution Kalman filter (MKF) algorithm, which can handle multi-resolution problems with high computational efficiency, was used to blend two emissivity products: the Global LAnd Surface Satellite (GLASS) (BBE) product and the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) narrowband emissivity (NBE) product. The ASTER NBE product was first converted into a BBE product. A new detrending method was used to transfer the BBEs into a process suitable for the MKF. The new detrending method was superior to the two existing methods. Finally, both the de-trended GLASS and ASTER BBE products were incorporated into the MKF framework to obtain the optimal estimation at each scale. Field measurements collected in North America were used to validate the integrated BBEs. Visually, the fusion map showed good continuity, with the exception of the border areas, and the quality of the fusion map was better than that of the original maps. The validation results indicate that the MKF improved the BBE product accuracy at the coarse scale. In addition, the MKF was capable of recovering missing pixels at a finer scale.     

频谱分解技术在泥页岩储层含气性预测中的应用——以柴达木盆地鱼卡凹陷为例

针对柴达木盆地北缘鱼卡凹陷中侏罗统大煤沟组泥页岩,利用地震频谱曲线在不同流体介质储层中的形态、斜率、主频与中心频率的差值等属性参数特征,识别陆相泥页岩层系的地震频谱属性特征,预测含气性。研究结果表明,中侏罗统大煤沟组上部能量系数较低,平均为0.6719,下部能量系数较高,平均为0.7521,结合现场含气量和全烃特征认为,可以以能量系数0.7为界线,作为识别下部和上部含气性的标志,下部明显比上部含气性好。平面上进一步圈定了2个有利目标区,得到柴页1井勘探验证。因此,频谱分解技术可应用于中国陆相页岩气的勘查开发。     

A 150-year isotopic record of lead deposition in Yancheng coastal wetland,China

Radioactive markers are useful in dating lead(Pb) deposition patterns from industrialization in sedimentary archives. As a well-known natural reserve in the world, Yancheng coastal wetland in Jiangsu Province is one of areas most sensitive to global sea level change and is located in the most developed and polluted region of China. Two cores were collected in Yancheng wetland in October 2013 and dated using ~(210)Pb and ~(137)Cs radiometric techniques. Sediments in both cores were sectioned into depth bands and examined systematically for dry bulk density, water content, magnetic susceptibility and grain-size. Multiple elements including Pb were also measured using inductively coupled plasma systems. Unsupported ~(210)Pb activities decreased with depth in both of the two cores, and ~(210)Pb chronologies were established(covering 150 years) using the constant rate of supply(CRS) model. The measured Pb contents ranged from 14.97 mg/kg to 29.40 mg/kg with average values of 17.17–22.79 mg/kg, and the Pb fluxes ranged from 41.70 mg/(m~2·yr) to 172.70 mg/(m~2·yr) with averages of 95.59–123.41 mg/(m~2·yr). Temporal variations of Pb flux, enrichment factors and Pb isotopes show a gradual and continuous increase over time and clearly reflect increased emissions from anthropogenic activities in the region. The Pb isotopic compositions show that most of Pb deposition in Yancheng wetland is input from natural sources by water flows and has the same levels of Pb as in the surface sediment of the Yangtze River and the Pacific mineral aerosol. We also stress the anthropogenic Pb contribution in Yangcheng wetland sediment and the reason of our Pb isotopes not showing anthropogenic signature is likely the instability of anthropogenic Pb in high Fe/Mn oxide conditions. Therefore, more attention should be paid to current local pollution problems, and society should take action to seek a balance between economic development and environmental protection.     

The effects of clay minerals and organic matter on nanoscale pores in Lower Paleozoic shale gas reservoirs,Guizhou, China

In organic-rich gas shales, clay minerals and organic matter (OM) have significant influences on the origin, preservation, and production of shale gas. Because of the substantial role of nanoscale pores in the generation, storage, and seepage of shale gas, we examined the effects of clay minerals and OM on nanoscale pore distribution characteristics in Lower Paleozoic shale gas reservoirs. Using the Niutitang and Longmaxi shales as examples, we determined the effects of clay minerals and OM on pores through sedimentation experiments. Field emission–scanning electron microscopy combined with low-pressure N₂ adsorption of the samples before and after sedimentation showed significant differences in pore location and pore size distribution between the Niutitang and Longmaxi shales. Nanoscale pores mostly existed in OM in the Longmaxi shale and in clay minerals or OM–clay composites in the Niutitang shale. The distribution differences were attributed largely to variability in thermal evolution and tectonic development and might account for the difference in gas-bearing capacity between the Niutitang and Longmaxi reservoirs. In the nanoscale range, mesopores accounted for 61–76% of total nanoscale pore volume. Considerably developed nanoscale pores in OM were distributed in a broad size range in the Longmaxi shale, which led to good pore connectivity and gas production. Numerous narrow pores (i.e., pores?<?20 nm) in OM–clay composites were found in the Niutitang shale, and might account for this shale’s poor pore connectivity and low gas production efficiency. Enhancing the connectivity of the mesopores (especially pores?<?20 nm and those developed in OM–clay composites) might be the key to improving development of the Niutitang shale. The findings provide new insight into the formation and evolutionary mechanism of nanoscale pores developed in OM and clay minerals.     

小兴安岭霍吉河钼矿床成矿过程——透岩浆成矿作用

传统上将小兴安岭霍吉河钼矿床归类为斑岩型钼矿.通过对矿区地质特征的研究,即矿区无斑岩体、矿体围绕隐爆角砾岩呈环状出露、石英细脉-网脉状和浸染状矿石结构、成矿年龄明显晚于赋矿围岩形成时间等,认为该矿床是透岩浆成矿作用的结果.早中生代伊春-延寿花岗岩岩基带上相伴的大型-超大型钼矿是典型的透岩浆成矿作用的产物,是岩基后成矿作用.